The Impact of Periodontal Disease on Systemic Health: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting thesupporting structures of the teeth. In recent decades, evidence has increasingly linkedperiodontal disease with various systemic conditions, including cardiovascular disease,diabetes mellitus, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and respiratory disorders. Thiscomprehensive review synthesizes current research on how periodontal inflammationcontributes to systemic pathophysiology. Mechanisms such as systemic dissemination ofinflammatory mediators and periodontal pathogens are discussed. Understanding theseconnections has significant implications for public health and interdisciplinary patientcare. Based on existing epidemiological and clinical evidence, periodontal managementis recommended as part of strategies to improve overall systemic health.